Rameswaram
This article is about the temple town. For main temple, see Ramanathaswamy Temple. For other uses, see Rameswaram (disambiguation).
| Rameswaram | |
|---|---|
| Town | |
 From top: Ramanathaswamy Temple tower, Pamban Bridge, and a set of fishing boats. | |
 
Rameswaram
| |
| Coordinates: 9.288°N 79.313°ECoordinates: 9.288°N 79.313°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Ramanathapuram |
| Government | |
| • Body | Municipality of Rameswaram |
| Area | |
| • Total | 53 km2 (20 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 10 m (30 ft) |
| Population (2001) | |
| • Total | 37,968 |
| • Density | 720/km2 (1,900/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| Vehicle registration | TN 65 |
| Website | http://municipality.tn.gov.in/rameswaram/ |
Rameswaram, (also spelt as Ramesvaram, Rameshwaram or Ramisseram) is a town and a second grade municipality in the Ramanathapuram district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on Pamban Islandseparated from mainland India by the Pamban channel and is about 50 kilometres from Mannar Island, Sri Lanka. It is situated in the Gulf of Mannar, at the very tip of the Indian peninsula. Pamban Island, also known as Rameswaram Island, is connected to mainland India by the Pamban Bridge. Rameswaram is the terminus of the railway line from Chennai andMadurai. Together with Varanasi, it is considered to be one of the holiest places in India to Hindus, and part of the Char Dham pilgrimage.
According to Hindu mythology, this is the place from where the Hindu god Rama built a bridge, across the sea to Lankato rescue his wife Sita from her abductor Ravana. The Ramanathaswamy Temple dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva is located at the centre of the town and is closely associated with Rama. The temple along with the town is considered a holy pilgrimage site for both Shaivites and Vaishnavites.[1][2]
Rameswaram is the closest point to reach Sri Lanka and geological evidence suggests that the Adam's Bridge was a former land connection between India and Sri Lanka. The town is in news over alleged attack by Sri Lankan navy for alleged cross border activities by fishermen, Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project, Kachchatheevu and Sri Lankan Tamil refugees.[3] Rameswaram is administered by a municipality established in 1994. The town covers an area of 53 km2 and had a population of 37,968 as of 2001.[4] Tourism and fishery employ the majority of workforce in Rameswaram.
Contents
[hide]Legend[edit]
Rameswara means "Lord of Rama" in Sanskrit, an epithet of Shiva, the presiding deity of the Ramanathaswamy Temple. According to Hindu epicRamayana, Rama, the seventh avatar of the god Vishnu, prayed to Shiva here to absolve any sins that he might have committed during his war against the demon-king Ravana in Sri Lanka.[5][2] According to the Puranas (Hindu scriptures), upon the advice of sages, Rama along with his wife Sita and his brother Lakshmana, installed and worshipped the lingam (an iconic symbol of Shiva) here to expiate the sin of Brahmahatya incurred while killing of theBrahmin Ravana.[6] To worship Shiva, Rama wanted to have the largest lingam and directed his monkey lieutenant Hanuman to bring it from Himalayas.[7][2]Since it took longer to bring the lingam, Sita built a small lingam, which is believed to be the one in the sanctum of the temple.[7] This account is not supported by the original Ramayana authored by Valmiki,[8] nor in the Tamil version of theRamayana authored by Tamil poet, Kambar (1180–1250 CE). Support for this account is found in some of the later versions of the Ramayana, such as the one penned by Tulasidas (15th century).[9][10] Sethu Karai is a place 22 km before the island of Rameswaram from where Rama is believed to have built a floating stone bridge, the Adam's bridge, that further continued to Dhanushkodi in Rameswaram till Talaimannar in Sri Lanka.[5][11] According to another version, as quoted in Adhyarma Ramayana, Rama installed the lingam before the construction of the bridge to Lanka.[12]
History[edit]
The history of Rameswaram is centred around the island being a transit point to reach Sri Lanka (Ceylon historically) and the presence of Ramanathaswamy Temple. Tevaram, the 7th–8th century Tamil compositions on Shiva by the three prominent Nayanars (Saivites) namely Appar,[13] Sundarar and Thirugnanasambandar.[14] The Chola king Rajendra Chola I (1012 – 1040 CE) had a control of the town for a short period.[15] The Jaffna kingdom (1215–1624 CE) had close connections with the island and claimed the title Setukavalanmeaning custodians of the Rameswaram.[16] Hinduism was their state religion and they made generous contribution to the temple.[16] Setu was used in their coins as well as in inscriptions as marker of the dynasty.[16]
According to Firishta, Malik Kafur, the head general of Alauddin Khilji, the ruler of Delhi Sultanate, reached Rameswaram during his political campaign in spite of stiff resistance from the Pandyan princes in the early 14th century.[17][18][19] He erected a mosque by name Alia al-Din Khaldji in honour of victory of Islam.[17][18] During the early 15th century, the present day Ramanathapuram, Kamuthi and Rameswaram were included in the Pandya dynasty.[15] In 1520 CE, the town came under the rule of Vijayanagara Empire.[15] The Sethupathis, the breakaway from Madurai Nayaks, ruled Ramanathapuram and contributed to the Ramanathaswamy temple.[15][2] The most notable of them are the contributions of Muthu Kumara Ragunatha and Muthu Ramalinga Sethupathi, who transformed the temple to an architectural ensemble.[20] The region was repeatedly captured several times byChanda Sahib (1740 – 1754 CE), Arcot Nawab and Muhammed Yusuf Khan (1725 – 1764 CE) in the middle of 18th century.[21] In 1795 CE, Rameswaram came under the direct control of the British East India Company and was annexed to the Madras Presidency. After 1947, the town became a part of Independent India.[15]
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